*if you are English reader,please visit this Website(ARTI):http://www.amerrescue.org
and watch the video at the right bottom corner.
使用「生命三角」的求生方法來救您自己
請耐心花費十分鐘細讀本文並加以牢記以備不時之需:
溫室效應讓地殼及海洋溫度升高,地殼膨脹擠壓所以地震愈來愈頻繁也愈猛烈,您住在地球上任何角落都可能難逃地震的傷害,小心不要被地震淘汰!我的名字叫道格•庫普(Doug Copp)。我是世界上最有經驗的救援小組──美國國際救援小組(ARTI)的首席救援者,也是災難部的經理。本文中以下信息能在地震中挽救生命。
我和曾經來自60多個不同國家成立的各種救援小組一起工作過,曾在875個倒塌的建築物裡爬進爬出。在聯合國災難減輕(UNX051-UNIENET)小組中我擔任了任期兩年的專家。從1985年至今,除非同時發生了多個災禍,我幾乎參與了每一次重大的救援工作。
在1996年,我們用我創立的而且被證明是正確的方法製作了一部電影。土耳其政府、伊斯坦布爾市、伊斯坦布爾大學及ARTI聯合製作了這部科學研究性的影片。 我們人為地摧毀了一座學校,和一個裡面有20個人體模型的房屋。10個人體模型用「蹲下和掩護」的方法,而另外10在一個可直接觀察到的,而且科學的條件下,這部電影拍攝了我使用的求生技術。
結果顯示那些用「蹲下和掩護」方法的人存活率會是零,而那些使用「生命三角」的人能夠達到100%的存活率。上百萬的人已經在土耳其和歐洲的其他地方,還有美國、加拿大和拉丁美洲的電視節目裡看過這部片子。
我曾進入的第一個建築物是在1985年墨西哥地震中的一個學校。每個孩子都在課桌底下。每個孩 子都被壓扁了。他們如果能在走道裡挨著他們的課桌躺下,就有生還的希望。我不知道為什麼孩子不在走道裡。那時,我不知道孩子們被教導要躲在某物體的下面。
簡單地說,當建築物倒塌氶A落在物體或家具上的屋頂的重力會撞擊這些物體,使得靠近它們的地方留下一個空間。這個空間就是被我稱作的「生命三角」。物體越大,越堅固,它被擠壓的餘地就越小。而物體被擠壓得越小,這個空間就越大,於是利用這個空間的人免於受傷的可能性就越大。
下次, 你在電視裡觀看倒塌的建築物時,數一數這些形成的「三角」。你會發現到處都有這些三角。在倒塌的建築物裡,這是最常見的形狀。幾乎到處都有。我培訓Trujillo(人口約為75萬人的地方)的消防部門,教導人們如何求生,如何照顧他們的家人,以及如何在地震中援救他人。Trujillo消防部門的救援總負責人是Trujillo大學的教授。他陪伴我同行,他說:「我叫Roberto Rosales,我是Trujillo的首席救援者。我11 歲時,我被陷在一幢倒塌的建築物裡。就是發生在1972年的那場地震中,當時有7萬人死亡。我利用我哥哥摩托車旁的『生命三角』保住了生命。
我的朋友們,那些躲在床下,桌子下的人都死了。(他列出了這些人的姓名、地址……)。
我可以稱作是『生命三角』的活生生的例子,而我那些朋友是「蹲下和掩護」的例子。」
道格觀察自救10項要領
◣當建築物倒下時,每個只是簡單地「蹲下和掩護」的人都被壓死了,每次,毫無例外。而那些躲逃到物體,如桌子,或汽車下躲避的人也總是受到了些傷害。
◣貓,狗和小孩子在遇到危險的時候,會自然地蜷縮起身體。地震時,你也應該這麼做。這是一種安全的本能。而且你在一個很小的空間裡就可以做到。靠近一個物體,一個沙發,或一個大件,它僅受到了略微的擠壓,但在靠著它旁邊的地方留下了一個空間。
◣在地震中,木質建築物最牢固。木頭具有彈性,並且與地震的力量一起移動。如果木質建築物倒塌了,會留出很大的生存空間,而且,木質材料密度最小,重量最小。磚塊材料則會破碎成一塊塊更小的磚。磚塊會造成人員受傷,但是,被磚塊壓傷的人遠比被水泥壓傷的人數則要少得多。
◣如果晚上發生了地震,而你正在床上,你只要簡單地滾下床。
在床的周圍會形成一個安全的空間。
◣ 如果地震發生了,而你正在看電視,不能迅速地從門或窗口逃離,那就在靠近沙發,或椅子的旁邊躺下,然後
。
◣當大樓倒塌時,很多人在門口死亡了。怎麼回事?如果你站在門框下,當門框向前或向後倒下時,你會被頭頂上的屋頂砸傷。如果門框向側面倒下,你會被壓在當中,所以,不管怎麼樣,你都會受到致命傷害!
◣千萬不要走樓梯,樓梯與建築物搖晃的頻率不同(它們和建築物的主體部分分別晃動)。樓梯和大樓的結構物發生不斷地碰撞,直到樓梯發生構造問題。人在 樓梯上時,會被樓梯的台階割斷,這是很恐怖的毀傷!就算樓梯沒有倒塌,也要遠離樓梯,樓梯就像大樓的一樣會被損壞,哪怕不是因為地震而倒,還會因為承受過多的人群而坍塌。所以,我們應該始終首先檢查樓梯的安全,甚至建築物的其他部分並沒有被損壞。
◣儘量靠近建築物的外牆或離開建築物。靠近牆的外側遠比內側要好。你越靠近建築物的中心,你的逃生路徑被阻擋的可能性就越大。
◣當發生地震時,在車內逃生的人會因路邊墜落的物體砸傷,這正是Nimitz Freeway的路上所發生的事情。San Francisco地震的無辜受害者都呆在車內。其實,他們可以簡單地離開車輛,靠近車輛坐下,或躺在車邊就可以了。所有被壓垮的車輛旁邊都有一個3英尺高的空間,除非車輛是被物體垂直落下。
◣我發現,在報社或辦公室裡堆有很多報紙的地方,通常會好些,因為報紙不受擠壓。你在紙堆旁可找到一個比較大的空間。
美國國際救援小組(ARTI)網址:http://www.amerrescue.org/
Benice 8,March,2010
p.s:當然:不要忘記,將家裡大門打開!
Triangle of Life NOTE:
1) Everyone who simply "ducks and covers" WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE is crushed to death -- Every time, without exception. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are always crush.
2) Cats, dogs and babies all naturally often curl up in the fetal position. You should too in an earthquake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct. You can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it.
3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake. The reason is simple: the wood is flexible and moves with the force of the earthquake. If the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created. Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less squashed bodies than concrete slabs.
4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed.
5) If an earthquake happens while you are watching television and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair.
6) Everybody who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the door jam falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door jam falls
sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, you will be killed!
7) Never go to the stairs. The stairs have a different "moment of frequency" (they swing separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads – horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesn’t collapse, stay away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged.
8) Get Near the Outer Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible. It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter of the building the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked.
9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened with the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The victims of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their vehicles. They were all killed. They could have easily survived by getting out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles, says the author. Everyone killed would have survived if they had been able to get out of their cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had voids 3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns fall directly across them.
10) I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper.
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地震逃離作法
http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/peichen1009-1971/searchblog?p=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&my=1